Bomber Turret developments

Once airplanes became viable weapons, they became tempting targets. Bombers, often single-engine biplanes with an observation capability during World War I, were targeted, prompting defensive armament intended purely for destroying attacking aircraft. The Scarff ring, a Royal Flying Corps contribution to bomber longevity during the Great War, was a mechanical mount for .30-caliber machine guns. Bungee cord offset the weight and provided some balance, making the mount a functional way for backseaters to discourage attackers...